Fast food in Japan - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 2 Words: 648 Downloads: 5 Date added: 2017/09/16 Category Food Essay Type Argumentative essay Tags: Customer Service Essay Fast Food Essay McDonalds Essay Did you like this example? The article introduces the history of fast food in Japan. It mainly focuses on McDonalds, but it does mention a few other restaurants such as Kentucky Fried Chicken, MOS Burger, and Mr. Donut. These restaurants are thought more of a social gathering place for families and friends to get together and converse and spend time with one another. Usually, most of the food purchased is shared. Fast food is not new in Japan, a fact that evident by the big array of fast food options that are available. Most of these options can be classified as â€Å"traditional Japanese fare†. Noodle shops at train stations, street vendors selling steamed sweat potatoes, chicken skewers, roasted corn on the cob, and boxed lunches are just a few of the many options available in Japan for a quick meal. The newest innovation to cuisine in Japan is the conveyor-belt sushi shops. It can be the ultimate quick food experience combing both traditional and modern characteristics of fast food deliver y. Pieces of sushi float past dinners on a conveyor belt on individual plates. The customer can then choose the pieces they want and drink tea from self service spigots right at their seats. These sushi shops are able to offer dinners quick service, with little, to no interaction with the staff. The article goes on to discuss how a person’s definition of fast food in Japan differs with age. The English term â€Å"fast food† translated into Japanese is fuasuto fudo. The food to which it refers to differs among whom you ask. Everyone has his or her own opinion of what fast food is. To some, it could be a piece of fruit bought at a convenience store for a snack, and to someone it else it could be a bowl of noodle soup. In America fast food is synonymous with unhealthy options, high in fat and calories. In Japan, it mostly refers to food that can be purchased easily and eaten quickly. To most people in Japan the symbolic golden arches of McDonalds is very familiar. T o others, they know what it is but have never eaten there. It is usually Japanese families with children and teens and young adults that frequent McDonalds. For the families is usually a special time. Most Japanese families only eat together once or twice a week, so it’s a special time for the family to be together. This outing to McDonalds turns into a precious memory for the family. The family would enter the restaurant and the mother would immediately go stand in line and order and pay for the food. The father would take the children to sit down and talk and entertain them until their mother returned with the food. When the Mother returned she would place the French fries in the middle of the table and the whole family would share. They would also share and pass around to each other hamburgers, and chicken nuggets, milk shakes and apple pies. The food did not belong to any one member in the family, it was shared by the whole family. It was common among couples and fr iends to share this way too. Although fast food chains here and in Japan look the same, and have the same menu, that’s where the similarities end. The most important role of food in Japan is to bring people together and give a sense of community† Ohnuki-Tierney is quoted as saying in the article. He goes on to say â€Å"Sharing food strengthens bonds among family and friends by establishing intimacy in the social relationship. I think this article does not really give a good representation of fast food in Japan. It gives us a very good idea why families frequent fast food places together and how they interact while there. We read a lot about McDonalds in Japan and read very little of other restaurants. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Fast food in Japan" essay for you Create order

Alcoholism And Alcohol Dependence Among Native Americans...

Regardless of identity, alcoholism is a serious problem that affects all populations. Yet nationwide, the alcohol dependency rate is six times greater for Native Americans than that of the general population, according to estimates from the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (2014). Alcoholism and alcohol-related problems have created serious issues in Native American communities, but in recent decades, substantial advances have been found to understand sources and solutions to these problems. New research into the way alcohol is metabolized by the body and its effects on drinking behavior have been found to contribute to the development of alcohol dependence. Substantial genetic and environmental components likely contribute critically to alcohol dependence among many Native Americans (Ehlers, Gizer, 2013). It is known that people vary substantially in their drinking behavior and sensitivity to alcohol. This variation is of great interest because recent studies have sugge sted that alcoholism has both genetic and environmental factors, yet their influences on alcoholism are still unknown. While some progress has been made in the search for answers, this inquiry is far from over. Understanding the scientific and environmental basis of alcohol use and abuse amidst American Indians could provide solutions to alcohol-related problems in Native communities in America. Unlike other cultures that have ingested alcohol for thousands of years, alcohol is relatively new toShow MoreRelatedIntegrating Holistic Modalities into Native American Alcohol Treatment1295 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism is identified by severe dependence or addiction and cumulative patterns of characteristic behaviors. An alcoholic’s frequent intoxication is obvious and destructive; interfering with the ability to socialize and work. These behavior patterns may lead to loss of work and relationships (Merck, 1999). Strong evidence suggests that alcoholism runs in families (Schuckit, 2009). According to a study published by Schuckit (1999) monozygotic twins were at a significantly higher risk of alcoholismRead MoreWhat are the Causes of Alcholism and How Can We Prevent It? Essay1083 Words   |  5 PagesThroughout history alcohol has been a common drink in social and celebration environments. However in today’s society it is easily accessible, very cheap, and advert ised on every channel available. Alcohol has taken over our society, from teenagers to seniors, everyone is exposed to the culture of drinking. That is not the issue though, the issue is in today’s society gluttony is a common virtue and many people take drinking beyond social and celebration environments. Many Americans suffer from a diseaseRead MoreAlcohol Abuse Within Native American Societies Essay1303 Words   |  6 Pagesthe world. Native Americans seem to have suffered immensely by it. Since the coming of the Englishmen and the introduction of new knowledge and tools Native people have been trying to hold on to their own culture and their own way of life. Unfortunately with them came new items for consumption, alcohol was one of the main ingredients to the internal downfall of Native populations. Native American populations suffer greatly due to the ongoing epidemic of substance abuse and dependence; some thingsRead MoreAlcohol And Its Effects On Alcohol1403 Words   |  6 PagesAbstract Alcohol has long been a subject of controversy. Long before man understood the indications and contraindications of alcohol there has been laws against this drug. Classifying alcohol as a drug may not be suited for a majority of the population because people like to partake in drinking. Imbibing in alcohol is a tradition in many parts of the country. We use alcohol for celebrations, traditions, socialization and combining food flavors with specific alcohols. Forgetting that too much canRead More Alcohol Abuse Essay1036 Words   |  5 PagesAlcohol is the most commonly used drug in the United States. Although the consumption of alcohol by itself is not a social problem, the continuous and excessive use of alcohol can become problematic. There are four symptoms associated with alcohol dependence which are craving, loss of control, physical dependence, and tolerance. 17.6 million People, or one in every 12 adults, suffer from alcohol abuse or dependence along with several million more who engage in risky, binge drinking patterns thatRead MoreWithdrawal from Alcohol Addiction819 Words   |  3 Pagesand even seizures—these withdrawal symptoms are endured regularly by people with extreme alcohol addiction. Alcoholism presents life-ravaging problems: negligence, anger issues, propensity for hazardous behavior, and longer recovery from alcohol use’s aftereffects (#1). Alcoholics exhibit diminished immunities and are at elevated risk for cancer, epilepsy, cardiovascular disease, HIV/AIDS, and more. Alcoholism is both devastating and alarmingly common, affecting 4-5% of the United States’ populationRead MoreThe Proband s Maternal Aunts Essay1501 Words   |  7 PagesThe proband is a 34-year-old African American female that was born in Virginia. She currently lives in Richmond, VA. The proband’s maternal grandmother s side of the family is from Powhatan, VA. Both her maternal grandparents are of African American, Caucasian American, and Nat ive American (American Indian) descent. The proband’s maternal grandfather was adopted as a young child and not much is known about his family background. The proband’s African American paternal grandparents are from CumberlandRead MoreDescriptive Epidemiology : American Indian And Native Alaskan Populations On Reservations798 Words   |  4 PagesDescriptive Epidemiology American Indian and Native Alaskan populations on reservations or in urban areas have had extreme difficulty with the use of Alcohol. An average of 43.9% of AI/AN adults reported using alcohol within the last month, which is considerably higher compared to the national average of 30.6%. (Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration [SAMHSA], 2011). Furthermore, 30% of American Indians reporting usage of alcohol within the last month also reported engaging inRead MoreAlcoholism : Native American Youth2979 Words   |  12 PagesAlcoholism: Native American Youth Alcoholism is a prevalent social epidemic for Native Americans, especially among youth between the ages of 13 to 18 that reside on the reservations. Alcoholism and chronic substance abuse among Native America youth is increasing at a rapid rate in the past few years. Alcoholism is risk of substance abuse or dependence is consistently elevated in adolescents who had been victims of assault or who had witnessed violence (Kilpatrick, Acierno, Saunders, Resnick, BestRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcoholism On American Indians And Alaska1429 Words   |  6 PagesAlcoholism is defined as the addiction to consumption of alcohol to a point where individuals become unable to live a normal and healthy live. â€Å"Excessive alcohol consumption is a leading preventable cause of death in the United States and has a greater health impact on American Indians and Alaska Native than on other racial groups† (Landen, M., Roeber, J., Naimi, T., Nielsen, L., Sewell, M., 2014). American Indians and Alaska Natives have the â€Å"highest rate of binge drinking (30.2%) and heavy alcohol

Shermans Army An Examination Of The March To The Essay Example For Students

Sherman?s Army: An Examination Of The March To The Essay Sea And BeyondShermans Army:An Examination of The March to the Sea and BeyondThe Civil War is arguably the most interesting and enigmatic subject in American history. Even after rigorous study of the topic, it is difficult to fully comprehend the motives for the war. Part of this is because of the inherent complexity of the conflict, but it can also be attributed to the manner about which it is written historically. Much of the military history of the Civil War concerns itself with the broad tactics and strategies of the armies. Historians often focus solely on the command structure of the respective forces, and lump the soldiers under those commands in one group. An exception to this is Joseph T. Glathaars work, The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The title of Glathaars work is misleading it implies that it is just another military history. Glathaar, however, examines Shermans march through the lenses of the common soldier, making the work more of a social history. Glathaar uses the diaries and journals of the enlisted men and junior officers to scrutinize their views of battle, their reasons for fighting, blacks, southern whites, camp life, foraging and pillaging, and the march itself. Glathaar makes it clear that he is not seeking to pass judgment on the participants of one of the most controversial military campaigns in history:My objective, however, is neither to condemn nor condone the behavior of Sherman and his men. As I see it, my job is not to cast moral judgment upon the conduct of others; rather, it is to ascertain exactly what they did and understand why they did it. Glathaar introduces the subject with a brief overview of the political and military situation in early 1864. The Army of the Potomac had experienced a series of military defeats, and President Lincoln had lost faith in several of his highest military commanders, resulting in their termination. Most notable among these was General McClellan, who accepted the Democratic nomination for President in 1864. It appeared as though the failures of the Army of the Potomac would essentially take the Presidency away from the Republicans until General Shermans successful Atlanta campaign. Therefore, the March to the Sea was not only strategically important in a military sense; its success or failure could determine the political leadership of the entire Union. Necessarily, Glathaar also conducts an abbreviated examination of General Shermans character and his relationship with Ulysses S. Grant. Grant and Sherman had forged over the course of several years a strong friendship and a high-level working relationship that was probably unequaled in military history. Their relationship stemmed from their common backgrounds (geographic and education ) and their abhorrence for military pomp and circumstance; both Sherman and Grant believed that the militarys primary purpose was to wage war, not to parade. Their most significant bond, however, was their sordid backgrounds. Sherman had suffered a nervous breakdown early in the war, while Grant had combated alcoholism. Throughout the war, their peers consistently challenged their capabilities, which only strengthened their friendship and resolution to succeed. Indeed, Sherman once remarked that, He Grant stood by me when I was crazy and I stood by him when he was drunk; and now sir, we stand by each other always. After the brief scrutiny of Union command, Glathaar focuses primarily on the attitudes and experiences of the common soldier, only invoking Shermans name to indicate the reverence the army had for their commander. Glathaar first establishes the composition of Shermans Army. Sherman amassed an army primarily composed of veterans, as:Sherman realized from the start that in c ampaigns to Savannah and through the Carolinas the burdens were going to shift from headquarters to lower-grade officers and enlisted men. Once the march began, success would depend on the ability of company-level soldiers to perform critical tasks independent of high-level officer supervision. As the army was composed primarily of soldiers and officers with several years of service, Shermans troops had more campaign experience than any other Federal Army. In a random sample, Glathaar determines that over 50 percent of Shermans captains and 90 percent of the lieutenants had served in the war as enlisted men, which increased the troops confidence in command. The troops also underwent a grueling physical prior to the Savannah campaign to weed out those soldiers unfit for the expected rigors of the march. The result was that those selected for the campaign had increased morale. The veteran composition of Shermans army and the resulting high morale were largely responsible for different iating Shermans men from the Army of the Potomac. The majority of men involved in the Savannah and Carolina campaigns had faced combat; this necessarily led to the heightened sense of respect and camaraderie indicative of Shermans troops. In addition, Shermans Army was far from the District of Columbia. This distance made the army less vulnerable to the political constraints that faced the Army of the Potomac, which was constantly conducting drills and parades for the entertainment of Washington bureaucrats and politicians. Glathaar illustrates the disparity between Shermans Army and the Army of the Potomac in his introduction:The army that marched with Shermanwas vastly different from the Army of the Potomac. Shermans was an army of veterans, men who had learned the art of soldiering through several years of actual campaigning. Nearly all the troops had received their training in the West, where prolonged campaigns, lengthy marches, supply shortages, and success in battle were the rule rather than the exceptionAt the expense of rigid discipline, precision drills, and tidy appearance, all trademarks of the Army of the Potomac, Shermans command developed a sense of self-reliancebased on several years of active campaigning. The high morale indicative of Shermans army can also be attributed to the soldiers keen awareness of whom and for what they were fighting. The overarching sentiment in the army of veterans was patriotism; it follows that the majority of soldiers fought for the restoration of the Union. Glathaar uses excerpts from soldiers diaries to establish their view of the cause. Consider this statement from a soldier that admitted he would never tirn my back to a reb as long as I have two armes to fight, :An we now like true Soldier go determed not to yeal one inch rather than yeal. We will Stane this Suthrn Soil with our blood. And leave meney of our boddyes there in memory of the day that we Stood like a Stone wall and fight to the last to Conquer this Rebelien or Die. It is interesting to note that the majority of Shermans men did not fight for the purpose of emancipation. In fact, many were unapologetic about their racism. Only after witnessing the barbarism of slavery during the Savannah and Carolina campaigns did their attitudes toward the institution change. Indeed, most troops began to see emancipation as a powerful tool in crushing secession. Glathaar also discusses the election of 1864, and how it related to the cause. Shermans army abhorred the Copperheads, and vehemently supported Lincolns reelection. It was commonplace for the troops to discuss the political situation around the campfire after a long day of campaigning. The idea that Abraham Lincoln had come to represent the struggle to preserve the Union, is evidenced by the polling data. In states where election returns were available, a staggering 86 percent of soldiers cast their ballot for Lincoln. Indeed, many of Shermans soldiers feared that McClellan would end the war without any resolution. One soldier wrote to his girlfriend, If McClellan gets the reins he will have peace sooner than Abe, but by letting them have their slaves. Then we can fight them again in ten years. But let Old Abe settle it, and it is always settled. While Shermans Army did not have incredibly favorable opinions of Blacks, they loathed Southern whites even more. The soldiers not only believed that the educated class of the South had caused the war, they also saw that the same class was responsible for the social stratification of the region. A member of Shermans staff wrote, Talk about negro slavery! If we havent seen white slaves from Atlanta to Goldsboro, I dont know what the word means. Interestingly, the armys hatred of the whole of Southern aristocracy did not prevent some of the men from forming intimate relationships with women who were not spoken for. Perhaps the most controversial subject broached by Glathaar is the pillaging and destruction wrought by She rmans Army. The destruction that Shermans men left in their wake has been somewhat exaggerated and demonized by popular culture. In truth, the mobile nature of Shermans campaign prevented the establishment of viable supply lines, and made foraging for food and supplies a necessary endeavor. Shermans plan of selective destruction was designed to make the South feel the hard hand of war. The destruction of railways and private property was not only aimed at the defeat of the Confederate army, but also had to break the will of the Southern people to resist Federal authority. In a review of Glathaars work, Richard M. McMurry stresses the importance of this distinction:Freed from the necessity of daily fighting, Shermans men could concentrate upon their main mission the wrecking of the Souths infrastructure, especially its railroads, and the crippling of the rebels will to continue the war. By demonstrating both the helplessness of the Confederate government and the danger and suffering to which continued fighting would expose the families of southern soldiers, Shermans march helped to demoralize the rebel armies. Glathaar does not make pillaging and destruction the focal point of his work, however. His intent is to offer an expansive social history of the men who participated in Shermans march. In his introduction, Glathaar indicates that only one scholar before him had undertaken a similar task. Bell Irvin Wiley authored the classic The Life of Billy Yank, which Glathaar considers the starting point for all work on the common soldier. Yet, Wileys work failed to examine thoroughly Shermans Army. Indeed, The Life of Billy Yank has less than two dozen references to Shermans men, instead focusing on the Army of the Potomac. A more recent publication, James M. McPhersons For Cause and Conflict, also concentrated on the social history of the Civil War. Contrary to Glathaar, McPhersons work has a definite thesis: that the men who fought in the Civil War maintained thei r convictions throughout the conflict, and remained stringently attached to the principles of liberty, freedom, and justice. A review of McPhersons work illustrates his thesis further:Soldiers on both sides harkened back to the Founding Fathers, and the ideals of the American Revolution. They fought to defend their country, either the Unionthe best Government ever madeor the Confederate states, where their very homes and families were under siege. And they fought to defend their honor and manhood. I should not lik to go home with the name of a couhard, one Massachusetts private wrote, and another private from Ohio said, My wife would sooner hear of my death than my disgrace. Even after three years of bloody battles, more than half of the Union soldiers reenlisted voluntarily. While duty calls me here and my country demands my services I should be willing to make the sacrifice, one man wrote to his protesting parents. And another soldier said simply, I still love my country. Though M cPherson and Glathaar both make extensive use of the journals and letters of the common soldier, McPherson addresses the soldiers motivations for fighting without broaching more controversial subjects like slavery and racism. Indeed, Glathaar and McPhersons works differ not only in content, but also in the messages each seeks to convey. McPherson is wholly intent on establishing the reasons men fought in the war; Glathaar also establishes the cause, but only as a means of establishing the sociology of Shermans Army:Against this background of the veteran character of Shermans army, I have attempted to develop several peripheral themes. First, the plethora of campaign studies havestripped away much of the reality of warfare. War as seen from a headquarters field tent, although important in understanding the campaign or battle, is very different from war from a soldiers perspective. Glathaar is not the first to investigate Shermans Army, however. The difference between his work and tha t of most other historians is his synthesis of the motivations and feelings of the common soldier within the larger context of Shermans march to the sea. In a review of Glathaars work, John T. Hubbell indicates that Glathaar stresses the role of the enlisted man versus those in high command. Hubbell writes: Others (most notably B.H. Liddell-Hart and Lloyd Lewis) have focused on Sherman and the grand strategy that lead to the sweep through Gerogia and the Carolinas. Though important, such studies necessarily lose the perspective of the soldiers who fought the war and are to that extent unrealistic in their portrayal of the war. In another review of the work, John C. Barrett praises Glathaar for his endeavor. Barrett writes that, The in-depth look at the common soldiers who marched with Sherman marks this volumes contribution to Civil War literature. Glathaar is the first historian not only to record fully what these veterans did, but why they did it. Richard McMurry also concedes tha t Glathaars work is deserved of a place in American history: Glathaar has produced a fine volume that adds greatly to our knowledge of nineteenth-century Americans and their role in the Civil War. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns certainly has historiographical merit. Glathaar offers a fascinating work that succeeds in entertaining and educating the reader. Through his extensive research on the pervasive attitudes of Shermans soldiers, Glathaars work humanizes the army and enlightens the reader. The sheer complexity of the war becomes apparent through the work, yet certainly gives the reader a greater understanding of the greatest conflict in American history. Works Cited1. Barrett, John G. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The American Historical Review 91, no. 2 (1986): 469. 2. For Cause and Conflict. Civil War Book Review. n.d., http://www.civilwarbookreview.com (5 Decemb er 2000). Cinderelmo Essay3. Glathaar, Joseph T. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. New York: New York University Press. 1985. 4. Hubbell, John T. Atlanta to the Sea. Reviews in American History. 14, no. 3 (1986): 377-381. 5. McMurry, Richard M. The March to the Sea and Beyond: Shermans Troops in the Savannah and Carolina Campaigns. The Journal of Southern History. 52, no. 3 (1986): 468.